Manual actions refer to penalties or actions taken by search engine teams, such as Google's webspam team, against websites that violate search engine guidelines or engage in manipulative or deceptive practices. Manual actions can range from partial penalties affecting specific pages or content to site-wide penalties affecting the entire website. Websites that receive manual actions may experience indexing issues as search engines may deindex or demote affected pages or content in search results. Manual actions are typically accompanied by notifications in Google Search Console, detailing the nature of the violation and steps to resolve it. To address manual actions, webmasters should review and address the issues identified in the manual action notification, fix any violations or manipulative practices, and submit a reconsideration request to the search engine team once the issues have been resolved. They can also monitor search performance and index coverage in Google Search Console for indicators of manual actions or penalties.