Pagination issues occur when webpages with paginated content are not properly structured or optimized for search engine crawling and indexing. Pagination is commonly used in blogs, e-commerce websites, and forums to organize large amounts of content across multiple pages. Search engines like Google may struggle to crawl and index paginated content, leading to incomplete indexing or duplicate content problems. Webmasters should use rel="next" and rel="prev" link elements to indicate the relationship between paginated pages, implement canonical tags to specify the preferred version of paginated content, and monitor crawl errors and index coverage in Google Search Console for pagination-related issues. To address pagination issues, webmasters should optimize URL structures, use structured data markup for pagination, and implement lazy loading or infinite scrolling to improve user experience and crawling efficiency for paginated content.